A Russian newspaper reported in April that the military has begun deploying S-400 mobile surface-to-air missiles in Kaliningrad, the Baltic exclave bordered by Poland and Lithuania.

Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaite has urged NATO to strengthen its military deterrence potential in the face of Russia’s intensified militarization in Kaliningrad.

The European missile shield is largely considered as part of the global American anti-ballistic missile system. Russia previously suggested that a joint anti-missile defense system be created on a territorial principle of shared responsibility. The offer was dismissed by NATO who also refused to give Moscow any legal guarantees that it won’t be targeted, forcing Russia to deploy a new radar system in Kaliningrad. Russia also warned it would relocate Iskander missiles to its westernmost region.

Addressing the NATO summit in Chicago, Dalia Grybauskaite said that, according to the Lisbon agreement, Russia was to cooperate with NATO on principles of mutual trust, transparency and predictability, which it allegedly violated by deploying surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missiles in Kaliningrad.

She stressed that the abovementioned missiles could reach Vilnius, Riga, Tallinn, Warsaw, Berlin and other NATO capitals, urging the alliance to create a stronger deterrence mechanism and show more flexibility at joint military drills. She also cautioned the allies of passing military know-how technologies or equipment to third parties.