THE VOICE OF INTERNATIONAL LITHUANIA
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I sit outside and drink coffee with Antanas Sileika this beautiful summer
morning in Vilnius, as he tells me about his latest novel, Underground.
By Aage Myhre
aage.myhre@VilNews.com
I sit outside and drink coffee with Antanas Sileika this beautiful summer morning in Vilnius. The award-winning Canadian-Lithuanian writer is visiting the country his parents fled during the Second World War. He is here to promote his latest book, Underground, which probably also comes in Lithuanian edition this autumn. The novel, which can be bought through Amazon Canada, tells the problematic love story of Luke and Elena, two members of the Lithuanian partisan revolt against the Soviet Union in the middle of the 1940s.
His visit to the fatherland has also another purpose, namely to gather information for his next book, and he tells me that the new novel will have the early 1920's as backdrop, the years when Lithuania just had begun to re-develop the country after more than 100 years of occupation by Tsar Russia.
But this summer morning, we focus on the period after World War II. The below 5-chapter essay speaks for itself…
Below an essay Antanas Sileika has written about himself, his novel, |
1) Love and Loss Among the Ruins
In 1946, Winston Churchill’s created a powerful metaphor when he said that an “Iron Curtain” had descended over Eastern Europe, and that political metaphor seemed to hold longer than most, until 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed and the captive republics flew away like birds escaping from an unlatched cage.
So much for the curtain. Or so it seemed.
The metaphor of the iron curtain actually remained as strong as ever for almost twenty years longer because we in the West remained ignorant of the stories that had unfolded behind it, what it meant to live there. It was only after 1991 that memoirists began to write and historians began to work in the newly opened archives both in Russia and among the various former Soviet republics.
It’s only now that their stories are coming out.
In Western Europe and North America, we laid down our arms after WW2 and set about making a baby boom, and then building the suburban houses to put the children in. Later, we filled those houses with televisions and refrigerators with the help of Mad Men who told us what brands to purchase. We built garages for our cars and paved roads for them to drive upon.
But in Eastern Europe, particularly in the Baltics and Ukraine and to a certain extent in Poland, terror set in. Farmers were dispossessed of their land, businesses were taken away, and teachers, policemen, journalists and former government bureaucrats were shipped out to the gulag where many of them died of hunger or exposure.
An underground resistance sprang up by 1944 and it fought the Soviets for another nine years. At first, pitched battles took place in forests and swamps. Whole towns were seized by the partisans. The fight eventually settled down into a guerilla war during which the partisans owned the countryside by night.
And they fought while waiting for the West, believing that if the war was started because of Poland, surely the West would not forget that country or the others nearby.
For those interested in the history of the period, the last decade and a half have been illuminating, beginning with the appearance of Norman Davies’s Europe, followed by the late Tony Judt’s Postwar, and culminating in the recent Bloodlands, by Timothy Snyder. And there are many more histories now on the subject of Eastern Europe, so many that there is a danger of narratives in collision, particularly for the way the Holocaust fits in among the other crimes of that time.
But I’m not interested in the facts themselves. I’m interested in what they mean, and I am interested in the lives of people under great stress during those times.
In 1942, in the film Casablanca, Humphrey Bogart said to Ingrid Bergman as he sacrificed himself by giving up his flight to safety to another, more worthy man, “I’m no good at being noble, but it doesn’t take much to see that the problems of three little people don’t amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world.”
That was what people believed then. We don’t believe that any more. In our time, we believe the personal is more important than the political.
I take this insight and then I wonder: what was it like to be in love under impossible political conditions behind the newly-created iron curtain in the forties and early fifties?
Although the revelations about Eastern Europe are new, I wanted to tell a very old story of a man who goes to war and after much killing, and nearly being killed himself, wants nothing but to return to the women he loves, the woman he made promises to.
It’s the story of a man who wants to go home, even if that place is no longer the home he left.
I’m interested in a story of love and the loss of it among the ruins.
* * * * * *
2) John Le Carre Territory
I did not set out in my writing life intending to write about the postwar period and I did particularly did not want to write about Lithuania. My parents came from that part of the world and they gave me the language, but English is still my strongest language and I have been an anglophile since my childhood, when I imagined myself Sherlock Holmes, or someone slightly more complex, like Lord Jim. I imagined myself a character out of Kipling, an inhabitant of the British Commonwealth whose pink-coloured countries dominated the maps of the world that were found in schoolrooms into the sixties.
On top of that, in the sixties and seventies, everyone was loose left and I was too, and I found the anti-Soviets of that time, including my parents, embarrassing for their squareness. In my callow youth, I imagined the people with right attitudes about the world did not wear bad suits, or have funny accents.
But against my intentions, I was eventually lured into fascination with the stories of Eastern Europe in general and Lithuania in particular. After all, if one can see the universe in a grain of sand, one can see the whole world through the events in a small country.
The language, one of the gifts of my deceased parents, gave me a window into the happenings on the other side of the iron curtain. At the same time, life in Canada gave me the distance to reflect on the happenings from afar. And the stories that came out of there were so dramatic, so compelling, that I would have been a fool to look somewhere else for my material.
Eastern Europe is John le Carre territory. The British masterminded spy missions into postwar Lithuania, running a former German torpedo boat off Sweden in order to dump spies on the Lithuanian beaches. As late as 1953, Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians took their small arms and their radios and their cyanide tablets from the British handlers at MI6 and went inland to decipher the enigma of Soviet intentions.
A good quarter of the men the British used were actually double agents, and they sold out the rest to the KGB. Kim Philby, the English turncoat who spied for the Soviets, might have been involved. These doomed operations are exquisitely described in Liutas Mockunas’s Pavarges Herojus (luckily, I can read Lithuanian and have access to this title).
And the true-life stories are more varied than the grey of Le Carre. They even have tragicomic moments. For example, the British/Lithuanian agent, Anicetas Dukevicius, was promised ten pounds a week in pay by MI6. He was captured and imprisoned by the KGB on a mission inside Lithuania in 1953, but he was not executed. After Lithuania’s independence in 1991, he apparently went to the British embassy to ask for back pay plus accumulated interest. I don’t know if he received it.
The Americans were slow to get started, but they played in this game as well. In 1951, they sent Juozas Luksa and his fellow partisans into Lithuania in a low-flying plane from which they parachuted. He, too, was betrayed a year later, and lured into a trap and shot.
He had left behind him a wife in Paris who did not receive certain news of his death for six years. Four decades later, she published “Laiskai Mylimosioms”, a collection of their love letters.
As if all these stories were not compelling enough to get my fingers tapping on the keyboard, there’s also a personal element to the stories above. Because Lithuania, with only three million inhabitants, is such a small country, there are fewer degrees of separation among people, more coincidences.
Adolfas Ramanauskas, the man who wrote the most dramatic stories of anti-Soviet resistance and then was captured in 1956, tortured for a year and executed, had worked in an office with my mother and probably sat in the lunchroom with her. A paternal uncle of mine was a farmer who supported the partisans, and he was exiled to the gulag and died there for his trouble.
These stories, and not just the personal ones, are irresistible for their drama and pathos. Why would I bother to look anywhere else?
* * * *
3) The Past is Slippery
I once asked an audience at a talk at the Goethe Institute in Toronto if Germans were opposed to historical novels in the same way that some Canadian critics are. They looked at me as if I were a fool. What German writer could leave history unexamined? For that matter, what European could live ignorant of the past?
I have often heard it said that Europeans remember everything and learn nothing, but if that is true, it is also true most Canadians remember nothing and learn nothing.
The past is complicated. The past is slippery. We think one thing of it now and another thing of it tomorrow. Is it because we have changed or the past has changed? In her recent history, The Ghosts of Europe, Anna Porter quotes Faulkner who said, “The Past is never dead. It’s not even past.”
Some people believe all history is polemic, but I am not of that school. I believe the truth is down there somewhere among the shards of the past, and some of us need to be patient archeologists, piecing the shards together until they form a recognizable whole. That is the job of both the archeologist and the historian.
The job of the historical novelist is somewhat different. We writers in the past have to decide not only what the object was, but also the importance of it, the meaning of it. The writer of historical fiction imagines into the past. What was it like to be there? What did it mean to love then, and did it mean something different from what it means now?
The British historian and art critic, Simon Schama, says that the greatcoat buttons of six generations of soldiers can be found in certain parts of Eastern Europe. In my last visit to Merkine, a small town in South-East Lithuania, I saw monuments to German soldiers who fell in WW1, to Red Army soldiers who fought the Germans in 1944, to Red partisans who were killed in the forest and to Lithuanian partisans who fought the Reds until they were annihilated in the fifties.
Each one of these monuments represents a narrative, a version of history. If I add to the monuments above those alarming highway signs found throughout Lithuania, like tourist indicators, that point the way to the many sites where the Jews were massacred in the Holocaust, then we have layer and layer of sediment in our archeology of the past.
The patient sifter of the past might find one narrative or another, or he might find that one narrative collides with another. The Soviets saved what remained of the Jews of Eastern Europe, but the Soviets were the enemies of non-Jewish farmers, business owners, teachers, and lawyers and bureaucrats of the old order. Therefore each group remembers them differently.
What is the correct interpretation? We still need to struggle with the past.
* * * * *
4) The Minefield in Historical Fiction
Mine is an old-fashioned view of literature. I believe it has to be about something important, something moving, something illuminating about the human condition. Otherwise, I’d rather watch movies or read the New Yorker, skipping the fiction.
Which is not to say that a good thriller, a family melodrama, or a comic confection does not have its place.
Historical writing is arguably harder to write than fiction about the present.
First, there’s the problem of language. I’m always wondering if certain words can be used in a historical setting. When did we adopt the words deck, porch, and verandah, and which is the appropriate word for the period I am writing in? How do I make my characters speak as if they were in the past when the actual way people spoke in the past is intrusive in contemporary writing? How do I do this without sounding stiff or corny? I read the word scoot in a piece of historical writing and it feels too modern. But I cringe if I read words such as these: don (a cloak), lo (and it came to pass), behold (thine enemies). Language is a minefield in historical writing (mine fields were in use in sixteenth century Europe, earlier in China - thank God for Wikipedia and damn the way it wastes my time).
Second, there’s the problem of the way people thought then. If characters in the past were racists or sexists, or homophobic or anti-Semitic, should I “correct” their attitudes by introducing a forward-thinking character who points out the error? That’s much, much too corny. On the other hand, to depict the sins of the past straight up feels wrong too.
Third, there is the danger of using our superior knowledge to condescend to the past. Everyone in the past was somewhat less informed than any of us because we know how things turned out and characters in the past did not. We know that the Molotov - Ribbentrop pact split Eastern Europe between Germany and the Soviet Union, but at the time, the Baltics, Poles and Ukrainians did not. People in the past always seem slightly dumb (as we will appear to those who know how our current political turmoil in North Africa will play out in the long run.)
Fourth, fifth and sixth, there are the dangers of nostalgia, kitsch, and excessive enthusiasm for obsolete technologies (Who really needs to know how to use a scythe properly when harvesting wheat?).
As any historian knows, there are surprises in the past, and the same is true of writing historical fiction. I’m not religious, but it only occurred to me much later that “Underground”, the title of my novel, has meaning beyond the physical and the political. People kept burying their supposed dead in the novel, as well as their stories and feelings, but these kept returning, breaking back out of the clay in the novel, rising again and again. Sometimes, the obvious only becomes clear after the fact. I was writing about resurrection, it seems, but in a social sense, fired by memory and determination.
The dead soldiers, partisans, and victims were rising up from beneath their monuments.
* * * * *
5) Forever Stories
It’s not so much old stories that I look for in historical fiction as the forever stories.
A man flees a burning city and tries to find a new life. A woman chooses to kill to avenge her brother. Another woman, a long time ago, stands before her husband inside the breached walls of Troy and begs him not to go out to meet the Greeks who will surely kill him and make her a widow and a slave and her son an orphan. But her husband responds that no man escapes his fate; he must go out into battle, where he promises he will not give up his life so easily.
A few short years ago, as a parent, I stood before a young man and beseeched him not to go to war in Afghanistan, but nothing I said could stop him, and if his particular fate was luckier than that of many other soldiers, my anguish before the outcome was surely an echo of what Andromache said to her husband, Hector, in the Iliad.
This was a forever moment, one that was historical and forever present. The best of historical fiction gives us these kinds of moments:
Mark Helprin did it for adventure in A Soldier of the Great War; Annabel Lyon did it for Aristotle’s thought in The Golden Mean; Wayne Johnston did it for mixed motivations in Joey Smallwood in The Colony of Unrequited Dreams; Nino Ricci did it for a reconsideration of Jesus Christ in Testament.
Sometimes writers need to be explorers of the human heart, and sometimes explorers of geography; sometimes they need to be chroniclers of manners; they need to be the best craftsmen they can with the evasive and even fugitive meanings of language.
So why shouldn’t they be time travelers as well?
Antanas Sileika (Antanas Šileika) is a Canadian novelist and critic. He was born in Weston, Ontario - the son of Lithuanian-born parents. After completing an English degree at the University of Toronto, he moved to Paris for two years and there married his wife, Snaige Sileika (nee Valiunas), an art student at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. While in Paris, he studied French, taught English in Versailles, and worked as part of the editorial collective of the expatriate literary journal, Paris Voices, run from the upstairs room of the bookstore, Shakespeare and Company. Upon his return to Canada in 1979, Antanas began teaching at Humber College and working as a co-editor of the Canadian literary journal, Descant, where he remained until 1988. After writing for newspapers and magazines, Antanas Sileika published his first novel, Dinner at the End of the World (1994): a speculative story set in the aftermath of global warming. His second book, a collection of linked short stories, Buying On Time (1997) was nominated for both the City of Toronto Book Award and the Stephen Leacock Award for Humour, and was serialized on CBC Radio's Between the Covers. The book traces the lives of a family of immigrants to a Canadian suburb between the fifties and seventies. Some of these stories were anthologized in Dreaming Home, Canadian Short Stories, and the Penguin Anthology of Canadian Humour. Antanas Sileika appears occasionally on Canadian television and radio as a free-lance broadcaster. His third book, Woman in Bronze (2004), compared the seasonal life of a young man in Czarist Lithuania with his subsequent attempts to succeed as a prominent sculptor in Paris in the twenties. His latest novel, Underground was released by Thomas Allen & Son in spring of 2011. The new novel is a love story set in the underground resistance to the Soviet Union in the late 1940s. He is the director for the Humber School for Writers in Toronto, Canada, and is a past winner of a National Magazine Award. |
Book review by DONNA BAILEY NURSE
in Canadian ‘The Globe & Mail’ http://www.theglobeandmail.com
“How are we going to survive unless we turn our hearts to stone?” a comrade warns the hero of Antanas Sileika’s
Underground. The question is an example of the elegant thinking that characterizes this rare and compelling chronicle of Lithuanian partisans and their violent struggle against Soviet occupation. Sileika’s third novel follows the military career of Lukas Petronis, whose bravery and commitment to the cause elevate him to legendary status within the resistance movement. Despite his heroism, Lukas keeps his heart from growing hard by falling in love with Elena, the sister of a partisan.
Underground, by Antanas Sileika, Thomas Allen, 305 pages, $24.95 Buy from: Amazon.ca Chapters Indigo
The story begins in 1944 with the Germans in retreat from Lithuania. With their departure, the dream of an education seems viable again, and Lukas and his younger brother, Vincentas, abandon the family farm on the edge of the Jewish Pine Forest for university in the city. Lukas studies literature while his brother enrolls at the nearby seminary. The buildings are dilapidated and the resources limited, but Lukas exhilarates in learning and the lively company of the students.
Unfortunately, the good times don’t last. The Russians have returned; and for the third time in a half-dozen years, Lithuania finds itself an occupied nation. Cattle cars rumble across the tracks – did they ever really stop? – packed with men, women and children exiled to Siberia. The secret police hound those citizens who remain; torture is commonplace, as is execution. Farmers must hand over to the government impossible portions of their modest crops.
Fed up with feeling powerless, Lukas and Vincentas head into the forest to join the freedom fighters. Whereas Vincentas’s spiritual, otherworldly nature could never adapt to harsh partisan life, Lukas takes to it easily. He turns out to be fearless, an excellent shot. In addition, his composition skills are put to good use. He is given the job of gathering international news and writing articles for the resistance papers.
From its opening lines, the novel strikes a haunting note. Some of this has to do with a ghostly presence: the hundreds of thousands dead, more than half of them Jews; a vast Jewish nation disappeared. The strange winter woodland setting also contributes to the tone. A formal military force, 30,000 strong, is scattered throughout the forests where the Russians fear to tread. Fighters reside in lean-tos or deep bunkers. Larger units emerge to engage the army in significant battles, while smaller groups ambush government officials and target organizations. It is in the woods that Lukas meets Elena, the sister of a comrade. The two eventually marry, but only after they massacre several Russian bureaucrats at their engagement party. They become folk heroes.
Sileika evokes the couple’s relationship with tender realism. His depiction of Elena, one of only a few female characters, also impresses. While she possesses curly brown hair and soulful eyes, it is her inner loveliness and determined nature that attract both Lukas and the reader.
We encounter Elena mostly through conversation, and through Lukas’s eyes. It would be nice to know her a little better, to get inside her head. Though dialogue in the novel is generally strong, spoken word never completely conveys a character’s thoughts and motivations.
Sileika’s portrayal of Vincentas suffers from a similar weakness: We see him mostly from Lukas’s perspective. That’s too bad, as Vincentas, who dreams of becoming a priest, represents a major theme in the novel: He embodies the deep-rooted presence of religion in the culture. Government disapproval means priests live in fear for their lives. Nevertheless, ordinary people cling to their prayer books, refer to their beliefs and continue to embrace the sacraments.
The debate surrounding partisan tactics derives from the Bible. “Harden not your hearts,” reads Hebrews 3:8. In one dark, ironic passage, Vincentas encourages a group of students to love one another: “How can you love the country if you don’t love the people in it?” He recoils from killing the enemy, preferring the path of passive resistance.
After a deadly grenade attack, a grief-stricken Lukas is sent away to the West to heal and to drum up support for the movement. The West is an important character in the story. The partisans expect anti-communist America to save them. In Stockholm, Lukas is infuriated by the unruffled neutrality of the Swedes. Blatant British self-interest equally aggrieves him. In Paris, his political sentiments seem out of fashion. Lukas cannot understand why Western governments worry about placating Stalin when Lithuanian people are being brutalized. Déjà vu all over again.
This story picks up speed as it goes along, hurtling into the future and an unanticipated conclusion. On occasion the prose is a little wooden, but often, too, it is full of poetry and wisdom gorgeously expressed. In addition, Sileika elucidates the socio-political context of occupied Lithuania with astounding ease. He gives us a brilliant, highly accessible military history, one that remains largely repressed – underground – in the East and in the West.
Donna Bailey Nurse is a Toronto editor and writer and a frequent contributor to Globe Books.
Here are some review highlights:
How are we going to survive unless we turn our hearts to stone?” a comrade warns the hero of Antanas Sileika’s Underground. The question is an example of the elegant thinking that characterizes this rare and compelling chronicle … From its opening lines, the novel strikes a haunting note … This story picks up speed as it goes along, hurtling into the future and an unanticipated conclusion.
- Toronto Globe and Mail
Sileika’s novel is a gripping tale, and the fate of Lukas – how long his luck runs – engages the reader to the last page.
- National Post
Sileika writes with a spare style that suits the action sequences as well as the rare moments of tenderness or humour. Entertaining and sometimes shocking, the book describes a little-known period of European history that has been kept underground far too long.
- Montreal Gazette
Sileika vividly brings this little-known (to us) and very sad chapter of European history alive…..
- Toronto Star
… the drama is exciting, haunting and instructional in turn. It opens with an explosive scene of startling violence, moves through episodes of mounting tension and dread, and concludes in a kind of lyricism.
- Edmonton Journal
Eva Stachniak is a Canadian and Polish novelist and short story writer. Her new novel "The Winter Palace" based on the life of Catherine the Great will be published in the fall of 2011. Her web site is: http://www.evastachniak.com
By Eva Stachniak
Antanas Sileika, a Canadian novelist and critic, a son of Lithuanian-born parents, is the author of two novels and one collection of linked short stories Buying on Time (nominated for both the City of Toronto Book Award and the Stephen Leacock Award for Humour). Underground, his newest novel, was published in March of 2011 by Thomas Allen. In the words of its publisher Underground “explores the narrow range of options open to men and women in desperate situations, when history crashes into personal desires and private life.” For me Underground is also one of the still rare Canadian novels which delve into the stories from behind the former Iron Curtain, a tempting topic of conversation with its author.
E.S. “Underground” begins with the poetic evocation of the borderline that “weaves around the middle of Europe.” How significant is this borderline for you, a Canadian writer with Lithuanian roots?
A.S.: The borderline at the center of Europe has been critical for me for most of my life. I felt for decades until the late eighties that I did not exist at all because I came from a place that did not exist at all.
In effect, there were two borderlines in Europe - first there were countries such as Poland and Hungary, which existed in the "other" Europe, and then there were places such as the Baltics or Ukraine which did not seem to exist at all. They were on no map of the time (unless the map displayed Soviet provinces). In my childhood, this was extremely confusing because my parents were filled with the melancholy of loss that their generation of refugees suffered from. Yet the site of their loss existed only in stories that they told, and these stories were a cross between fairy tales and the Aeneid, as if they had fled from burning Troy.
In my adolescence, I was embarrassed by my origins because I came from a pre-multicultural generation, one whose ethnicity was complicated by invisibility. But in my first year of university I underwent some kind of dramatic transformation and I refused to answer to the name "Tony", which I had used until then. Everyone had to call me "Antanas."
In my youth, the strongest resonance I ever found in my reading came from English translations of Czeslaw Milosz, whose Issa Valley and Native Realm I read and reread. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, I have become more and more interested in the region that the historian Timothy Snyder calls, in his new book, Bloodlands. It's no accident that these bloodlands cover the approximate geography of the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at its height.
I am fascinated about what Snyder, and others such as Norman Davies and the late Tony Judt have to say about this place, and I have discovered that the richness of stories I have at my disposal, rising out of my ability to read and speak Lithuanian, is huge. There is no other part of the world I want to write about any longer. A writer is somewhat merciless, and I can see that this region has had the most dramatic history in the twentieth century. What a source of material! And in the old days, no one in the West as interested, but now they are. Much remains to be told about the other side of Europe.
E.S.: From the Lithuanian perspective The Underground is a haunting tale of doomed love, tragic choices forced by history, and ultimate sacrifice. From the Canadian perspective it is also a story of a legacy that arrives at our doorstep and demands that we do something with it. Your publisher calls it and “untold story of the battle that continued long after Second World War.” When did you become aware of this particular “untold story” and how?
A.S.: Some of the early partisan material appeared long ago in the fifties, in particular the story of Juozas Luksa who fought, fled through Poland to Paris, married, and flew back into Lithuania with the help of the CIA in 1950, and was betrayed and killed in 1951. His story is the rough superstructure of my novel. But to be aware of a story is not the same as to know it.
The partisan story was complex and long, with boats sent in through the Baltic by the British, double-agents infiltrated into the movement, and many, many terrible personal stories, some of whose details I introduced into my novel. This information has only appeared over the last twenty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the opening of archives, and the publication of many memoirs. I learned, for example, that the Lithuanian equivalent of Dr. Seuss, a major children's writer named Kostas Kubilinskas, had betrayed and shot partisans because he wanted to ingratiate himself with the rulers. I think again of Czeslaw Milosz - Kubilinskas could have been a character out of Captive Mind. The particular grotesquerie of WW2 and afterwards is especially acute in the east, and this is a perspective I wanted to introduce here, in Canada, where we look at the war and postwar through a Churchillian framework of fighting the good war and winning it.
I am trying to enlarge our sense of that event and the postwar, to make more complex the good versus evil picture of stories such as Saving Private Ryan. I am trying to do something like showing the scene on the bridge at the beginning of the film, Katyn, in which you have civilians fleeing from two attackers. That event was something we were aware of in Canada before the film, but the film made us know it.
In America in particular, people are encouraged to think of their destinies as if they were masters of them, but Europe, and Eastern Europe in particular, teaches that your personal destiny exists at the whim of history, which might just as easily crush you as elevate you. That's a little pessimistic. Also, I have to admit that somewhat against my will, a certain theme of resurrection has crept in. Memory is a seed that may bloom again as a weed or a flower. Sometimes the dead do rise again, or if not the dead themselves, those who remember them.
E.S.:This is not your first novel that evokes the lands beyond the Iron Curtain. Woman in Bronze also dipped into the same well. Was writing of these two novels very different? And if yes, how so?
A.S.: One novel led to the next novel, but the story begins before that. In 1997, after I wrote a collection of stories called Buying on Time about immigrants in the Canadian suburbs, I realized I had found a method of writing about the twentieth century through a strange kind of window, Lithuania was far enough away to be remote - very remote from me in my everyday life - but dramatic things happened there as they happen everywhere in the world. And I had access to that world because I had some of the language (I read it and speak it passably well but cannot write it without many errors). I decided that if all the universe can be seen in a handful of dust, then I can deal with the twentieth century through a trilogy of works of fiction seen through my window into Lithuania. I know about that place, but I am not of that place. I am close and I am far.
The first book, as I mentioned, spoke of the suburban experience and the birth of consumer culture. The second, Woman in Bronze, attempted to speak to certain aspects of modernity. I was interested in how one creates morality in the absence of God, or how one creates a modern image that has moral weight, or seriousness within it. One has a choice in the twentieth century - does a modern artist create sensation and novelty, the golden calf that Moses finds when he comes down from the mountain, or does he create an icon in a different way, a symbol of a new reality, a new morality, or a new way of thinking?
There are also contradictions in modernity. I was struck that modern images were very often created by "primitive" people - Constantine Brancusi was the first to take sculpture into pure abstraction, and he used Romanian folk motifs to do it. Jazz dance came to us from the poor train conductor's daughter, Josephine Baker.
That describes the first two books - now let's move to Underground. If one is to speak of the twentieth century, one must speak of war. I struggled with this for a long time, trying to write war stories or holocaust stories. But none of this felt true to me - I was repeating what we already knew and had read about or seen in movies. Instead, I thought I would write about what we did not know, at least in the west: the war after the war, the grinding partisan war that dragged on for many years after the war ended in the west. And in all these three works I am comparing one life and another, measuring loss and gain.
E.S.: Toward the end of the novel Lukas and other characters are very bitter about being forgotten, swept under the carpet of post-war history. There are so many betrayals in the novel, including the hovering betrayal from Kim Philby and others like him. When I closed your novel I wanted to think about Luke Zolynas. I wanted to know what he makes out of this story of a half brother he now has to acknowledge. I wanted to know what impact this discovery will have on him… Can you speculate on this a bit, in the best tradition of gossiping on our characters???
A.S.: I think Luke Zolynas is a stand-in for me and others like me who only become aware of the past accidentally, because there are things in the past other generations have wanted to hide. In my own case, I stumbled across some family surprises while doing research for this novel. I discovered, dramatically, that one of my late uncles strangled his lover and threw her body down a drainage well in 1931, and then hoped to use acid to dissolve the body with material from a laboratory set up to make bombs to kill the Lithuanian president. Nobody had ever told me about this. He died in Chicago in 1952. As well, the photograph that was in the magazine article was not of my uncle, but, mistakenly, of my father. The historian told me it was my father's prison photo. Prison? My father never told me about that. It turns out he too was trying to overthrow the Lithuanian president (who came to power in a coup in 1926). The past holds all kinds of surprises, good and bad, but most of us walk over the past like barbarians walking over the ruins of Rome. On the other hand, you might consider the past a trap, and you might consider forgetting to be absolutely necessary for us to live out lives. Many Canadian writers despise historical novels. I think of Milan Kundera's Book of Laughter and Forgetting. Perhaps if you cannot forget, there can be no laughter.
But as for me, I have belonged to a transition generation. I was the only one of my three brothers born here, but I still feel as if I am the survivor of the shipwreck that was my parents' lives upended by WW2. I belong nowhere. My job is to consider my parents' past in Lithuania and my children's future here. Obsession with the past only leads to problems, but I cannot seem to let those problems go. Luke Zolynas will find his life become more complicated. He will find that the past as he understood it was sand, not stone. He will find this new information not so much redemptive as complicating, including a whole new set of relatives who will look upon him as the lucky one. But there will be some happiness too. He and his half brother survived because of the actions of their father, whose own life was tragic but whose children's lives became somewhat normal, even if one son was luckier than the other.
E.S.: This is a question I find very important, for I struggle with the same issue myself. You write in English while most of the events you write about happen in Lithuanian. You have to give your characters an English voice, English expressions. Since language always shapes the way you can tell a story what were some of your victories and some of your frustrations in this process?
A.S.: My difficulties with writing about Lithuania in English come in various ways. First comes the problem of ignorance of the place. I must tread very quickly and clearly over background information because English speakers who have no difficulty distinguishing Irish North and south, Scottish, English and Welsh and all the tensions among them cannot tell the difference among a Russian, Soviet, Byelorussian, Pole, Ukrainian, and Lithuanian, to name just a few. To them, all except Poles were Soviets and all Soviets were Russians. Most people I know think Prussians are types of Russians. Therefore I must compress very, very quickly and move the story forward. No professorial paragraphs on history are permitted. And yet I must give some background, so I tend to do it in a fairy-tale way. In my last book, I have paragraphs about a mythical "Rainy Land" and in this one the voice occasionally rises high to look at the Atlantic Charter or Yalta, but I hope to make that voice lyrical or ironic - certainly not professorial.
The next problem looks simple, but isn't, and that's the problem of Lithuanian names, in particular men's names, almost all of which end in –as: Antanas, Juozas, Kazimieras, Jonas, Petras, etc. This uniformity is boring, but I hate to make all the above into Anthony, Joseph, Kazimir, John, and Peter. Therefore I take an uneven approach. In this novel, Lukas is easily understandable to the English ear, although it was practically never used as a first name in Lithuanian. I stuck with the code name Lakstingala because I thought is sounded like something out of Lord of the Rings. Women's names are a little easier, but not much.
When it comes to atmosphere, I rely a lot on food, but Lithuanian food is very simple and not evocative to most people. In this book, I used black currant as the flavour of home - the flavour is mildly exotic here. My English tends to be as simple as possible in this novel. I don't like mixing in the odd foreign word, as they do in movies - ("Hey, tovarich, let's escape this camp together."). But diction is very hard to get right. No one can "scoot" in my novel, nor "take a hike", nor "beat it". It is very hard to comb out the modern turns of phrase and the particularly American ones and still sound fluid. One critic claimed my last novel sounded stiff, whereas I was trying to make the English limpid. Lithuanian is more romantic at times, more sentimental and by turns much rougher than English is. I need to "translate" this language into some semblance of English that sounds real, yet is not an imitation of English lords or Chicago gangsters speaking. It's a real struggle!
E.S.: There are also the complications of telling a story from an external, "other" point of view...the conflict between the romantic national myth and attempt to see a more universal story in it.
A.S.: The superstructure of my novel follows the true story of Juozas Luksa, who fought, went out to Paris, fell in love and married, and returned to fight for Lithuania, which he called, as a metaphor, his "first wife." This is the most romantic of Lithuanian true stories: the man who gave up peace to fight for his country. But when I came to the story, I realized we live in different times. We no longer believe in big causes as much as small ones. Therefore in my novel, Lukas goes back not to the metaphor of his first wife, but to his actual first wife. And before that, he went into the partisans not because of his patriotism but because of his useless, frightened brother, in order to protect him. It all becomes personal in my novel. Real Lithuanian patriots are going to hate me for this change to an iconic story.
As to the issue of complex stories, yes, modern stories are complex, and we realize that more clearly about the past now too. But there is a danger of revisionism through claims of complexity. One might say, for example, that a man died for his country because he had no life worth living and thus he identified with nation more than he should have. This is exactly the kind of thing Jews must worry about in further developments in thought about the Holocaust. The next thing you know, we'll be sympathizing with Nazis, and that would be a mistake. That would be a sort of revisionism. We should not vote in favour of complexity merely because it suits our times. On the other hand, in Marijampole, I spoke with a partisan museum director who said to me, "I know what you novelists do. You make everyone seem sympathetic. But please, do not make slayers into sympathetic characters. They are the ones who killed the partisans." But I could not follow his direction. The slayer who walks above the bunker where Elena is almost killed does not like his life and wishes he could do something else. He has been forced into becoming a slayer. I had to make him more complex than a simple enemy.
E.S.: In Polish literature Lukas’s generation was called the Columbus generation, those whose youth was shaped by WWII, the Nazis and the Soviets, the doomed battles, the breakdown of values they were brought up in. Bitter, tragic, they had to find humanity in a cruel, ruthless world filled with brutality and betrayal. What do they have to tell us that is still important?
A.S.: That generation can be further splintered into sub-groups. One of them includes many of the postwar partisans who only came of military age in 1944 -1948, meaning they were born in 1925 - 1929, too young to have acted during the war but old enough to have seen everything and been formed by it. I am incredibly impressed by those who fought because they were trying to push back in spite of the horrors they had seen. But I am more touched by the generations before them, the aspiring artists, engineers, teachers; the newlyweds, those expecting to retire and enjoy life, those who lived and loved in their circle of family and clan. They were like us because we have dreams too. But their dreams were destroyed by the crush of history on the aspirations of individuals.
We who live here, and especially those with not much Eastern European background, are easy moralizers about the past because we are either ignorant or we have not been tested. That generation is an example of what might happen to us under the same circumstances - some would be broken and some would survive. Some would be lucky and others not. We need to remember the indifference of history, which is a little like the elements that might sweep us away. We need a little humility. The good times always come to an end - war or drought, ecological disaster or disease. How will we face the next disaster?
One final lesson is the lesson of love. What impressed me were wives who waited years to reconnect with husbands, parents who searched for their children, men and women who went to hell to save the ones they cared for - all the small personal impulses during the apocalypse. Somehow love survived - not always, not undamaged, but sometimes.
As a child I remember long, boring afternoons at a shop on Roncesvalles where my mother had fabric measured out, filled out forms, and paid outrageous duty to make up packages for her relatives. She knew we were lucky. She was trying to do something to compensate for some of the bad luck that had fallen on the shoulders of the ones she loved.
E. S.: Thank you.
Eva Stachniak’s newest novel The Winter Palace, set at the court of Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine the Great will be published by Doubleday (Canada) and Bantam Books (U.S.) in September of 2011.
A mistake to confuse resistance to occupation and WWII
Robert Jennings
The Second World War in Europe was a war fought against fascism – in particular the German variant exemplified by Nazism – and including also Italian fascism. The Second World War in Europe ended with the surrender of Germany; a surrender to which Russia was the major contributor because Germany was largely defeated at Stalingrad and Kursk and was always in retreat afterwards.
The Resistance in Lithuania against Soviet occupation was a heroic effort by some Lithuanians to obtain freedom for their country. In my opinion it is a mistake to confuse resistance to occupation and the Second World War. After the end of the Second World War there have been many occupations of many countries by Capitalist and Communist powers and each side has tried to characterise any resistance to its forces as an act of the 'Other' side.
Resistance to Occupation has a very long and courageous history in Europe and throughout the world and no 'side' has a right to claim the heroic activities of resistance fighters/activists to support its ideology. Inevitably that requires misrepresentation of the motives and objectives of the resistance; part of the theme of the book "The Ugly American" about the then developing Vietnamese war. It is also the type of misrepresentation that leads to one 'side' claiming "We are all Georgians now".
This misrepresentation is a major cause of the inability of 'Western' countries to think in any clear way about the activities grouped under the label of 'terrorism' and it is better to avoid such ideologically driven commentary/analysis.
Robert Jennings,
Ireland-Lithuania
Antantas Sileika
Dear Editor,
Mr. Robert Jennings's letter, in which he claims that the Second World War was a war against fascism and nothing else, obfuscates the truth rather than clarifies it.
No one declared war on fascism. If they had, Spain and Portugal would have between attacked. The United Sates and other powers declared war against the axis powers. The "war against fascism" was a construct intended to make the Soviet Union look good and to disguise its own crimes. How was the Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939 a war against fascism? What about the forced incorporation of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union well before any war with Germany? What about the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, which divided Eastern Europe between the Soviet Union and Germany? Would the Poles agree that the war was a war against fascism? Was the murder of the Polish officers at Katyn part of the war against fascism?
Neither Tony Judt nor Norman Davies, prominent historians of Europe, would agree that the conflict which only ended in 1989 with the fall of the Berlin wall was a "war against fascism."
Who benefits by such a formulation? Only the Soviets, whose crimes become excusable excesses of war. The independent Lithuanian government now considers the last anti-Soviet partisan commander, Jonas Zemaitis, to have been the Lithuanian head of state. It seems that L Beria considered him the same way because upon his capture in 1953, Zemaitis was transported to Moscow and interviewed by Beria who seemed to be seeking accommodation now that Stalin had died. However, both Zemaitis and Beria were executed that same year.
WW2 is remembered as a "good war", but this is a formulation that works only on the western side, where the allies came to help brave resisters such as the French underground. There were brave underground resisters in the East too, but no one ever came to help them. They fought until the dies, were captured, or gave up. Their story is just coming out now.
Antanas Sileika,
Canada
Plainclothes Belarussian policemen detain a protestor in central Minsk in July 2011 (AFP/File, Viktor Drachev)
MINSK — Officials from the UN and EU on Friday joined calls to Belarus to release the head of a human rights group, who was arrested and charged with crimes punishable by seven years in jail.
Vyasna (Spring) leader Ales Beliatsky had spearheaded his organisation's drive to help political prisoners and provide legal support to those who dared rise against President Alexander Lukashenko's dictatorial rule.
The group was also instrumental in releasing details about those detained during a weekly series of protests inspired by the social network revolutions of the Arab world.
Vyasna has been the target of repeated police raids and Beliatsky's arrest Thursday evening was on tax evasion charges. The group's office was also searched and various documents removed.
The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights expressed concern over the "harassment" of rights activists.
"Given the many worrying reports of harassment of human rights defenders in Belarus, we call on the authorities to guarantee in all circumstances the physical and psychological integrity of Bialatski and all human rights defenders in Belarus," said spokeswoman Ravina Shamdasani.
European Parliament president Jerzy Buzek said events such as those witnessed in Minsk were "unacceptable on our continent in the 21st century".
Belarus rights group leader faces 7 years in jail (AP)
AP - The detained leader of the most prominent human rights group in Belarus faces up to seven years in jail for helping political prisoners and government critics in the authoritarian ex-Soviet nation, the group said Friday. |
David Telky, Managing Director of Scottish-Lithuanian manufacturing company Pentland, has over 35 years in the clothing manufacturing industry. David was born in Glasgow, Scotland where he has carried on the family business of 90 years to present.
A personal thank you note to Lithuania from David Telky, Scotland
The above quote took over 30 years to occur. It covers activities in 14 countries and many years of garment production around the globe.
My background was in accountancy, but when my father, a tailor, phoned me to return to Scotland to help him start a large factory, I needed no second request.
Accountancy could not stand up to the thought of working with my father, starting a new factory and working in a manufacturing environment that had been a family trade for generations.
Two years later, after my training was over, the factory we designed was completed and my theory was to be put into practice.
To finance the project, at a very stormy time in the British economy, took every penny that we could beg and borrow but the beautiful factory was ours (and the banks) and now we had to staff and provide orders for its production.
10 eventful years later, sadly after my wonderful Father died, the factory had expanded to 450 people and was making 10,000 jackets a week, but customers were moving to overseas production, mainly from China!
This was when the stresses of running a large enterprise in Glasgow bore the health problems that many find the hardest part of business management. The long hours the mental strain of multiple problems, the financial pressures, the staff aggravations.
The answer was to do what all similar enterprises in UK were looking at and out source production, but where?
Over the next 5years,after successful forays into China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Poland ,Portugal, Belarus Egypt and a few not so successful, I found the right place, Lithuania- my search was over!
The stress of all this had seen me in hospital with health problems, that linger to this day, so the expression "thank God for Lithuania ...without it I could be dead!" evolves from the joy of working with some of the best staff I have ever employed, combined with some of the finest and most loyal factories producing excellent products with an almost old fashioned loyalty and ethic that was so prevalent in the UK of my youth.
Altogether the move to Lithuania has not only been a work influenced move but the social aspect of the community of local and expats has opened my eyes to a life of harmony and peace that I thought was lost forever and fills me each day with happiness.
So Thank God for Lithuania in it's helping me develop not only a great company Pentland , a sum of it's fine employees ,but for giving me the chance to meet so many great and wonderful people not least the Editor of this fine Journal, Aage Myhre ,who I am honoured to count as my good friend .
May I say that the journal that Aage has developed tirelessly over many years is a fine demonstration of his love of Lithuania that I am proud to share with him!
Good luck to Vilnews and to you my friend Aage Myhre!
Pentland Pentland is a Scottish based Clothing Manufacturing company headquartered in Glasgow with its production sites in Lithuania, Belarus and Moldova. Pentland has been manufacturing tailored clothing in Glasgow since 1973 and moved its production to Eastern Europe in 1985. Pentland produces for the European market for leading fashion retailers delivering tailored outerwear for men and women, with over 40 factories in Lithuania and neighbouring countries. David Telky, Managing Director of Pentland has over 35 years in the Clothing Manufacturing industry. David was born in Glasgow, Scotland where he has carried on the family business of 90 years to present. David participates hands on in his manufacturing companies from sales, production to delivery – producing fashion garments for the British and other western markets. |
Straight-line 12-cylinder 1938 Lincoln Saloon
By KR Slade
Sunday was, as usual, the day for Father and me to go to Lithuanian Catholic mass; and, as usual, thereafter, to return to my familiar English-speaking world. Our Sunday masses were always at our Lithuanian church -- the only one between Massachusetts and Connecticut. I never had any idea what anyone at church was saying, because I did not understand any Lithuanian. In 1958, the mass was in Latin; however, the sermon, readings, singing, and announcements were in Lithuanian. I understood some Latin, although I was only ten years old. It was the ‘everything else’ -- before, during, and after church -- that I did not understand . . .
After mass, there was our weekly tradition: a couple of ‘dogs’ at the ‘New York System’ wiener-joint, just around the corner from the church, in the old inner-city Lithuanian neighbourhood; then a drive across town to the Italian bakery for a box of pastries to take to Mother’s parents’ house for an hour or two of ‘Sunday visit’.
It was not until we were at home that Father announced the news: next Saturday was to be the first-of-the-summer-season Lithuanian picnic. Mother’s reaction was that this was going to be a lot of work for her: to prepare all of the food, for the three of us and more to share. I thought that it would be great: lot’s of other kids, to meet and play with, none of whom spoke anything but English. We all would ‘goof’ on all of the adults trying to speak Lithuanian, which the adults did not know very well, had forgotten, would be corrected, and would argue about. They would be so language pre-occupied as to leave us kids alone, for us to have our fun . . .
Next Saturday, Father’s old -- but still impressive, straight-line 12-cylinder 1938 Lincoln Saloon’s huge trunk compartment was picnic-packed. We rolled out of our driveway.
“Tom. There will be swimming, of course. Did you bring your swimming trunks?”
“Yes.”
(Mother): “Well, I hope that it’s going to be at the big lake, the water is good there. That other picnic place -- with the big pond is okay; but that other picnic place, with the little pond -- I don’t want Tom swimming there. I think that there are leeches there. So, which picnic ground is it ?”
That’s when Father stepped on the brakes, more notable an event because we were going up a hill.
“Ohh . . . ”
“Which picnic ground is it ?”
“Ohh . . . ”
“Which picnic ground is it ?”
“Well, . . . ”
“Don’t tell me that you don’t know.”
“Okay.”
“Which picnic ground is it ?”
“We’ve been there.”
“Which picnic ground is it ?”
“It’s not a problem. We will see. Everything will be okay. We will just go to the church.”
“It is eleven o’clock. The picnic is at noon. It is an hour’s drive to any of the three picnic grounds. The church is a half-hour away; the other way.”
“It’s OK; we will go to the church; and we will see.”
“What we will see is nothing; because everyone will have already left.”
“Well, we will go to the church, and we will see.”
We went to the church . . . ‘to see’ . . . and we saw nothing. Any idea of posting a notice as to where/what/when or anything about the event, was an unknown concept [both then and thereafter, and probably in the hereafter and forever]. No need to tell: ‘Everyone knows’.
We drove around the neighbourhood of the church. Father reasoned that there would be someone knowledgeable of the precise details of the event, although unable/unwilling to attend. Of course, since we were passing the New York System Wieners, we were obliged to stop for ‘a couple of dogs’, on the pretence of getting information. Mother waited in the Lincoln, with the doors locked and windows rolled-up. Somehow, she noticed the tiniest touch of mustard, and made me take-off my T-shirt.
We drove around the neighbourhood, looking for addresses. After knocking on six doors, he did find one person who knew the correct location. Now we knew which picnic ground: the one with the big lake.
From my spacious backseat of the Lincoln, a limousine-distance away from the front seat, I could see my father chain-smoking, and it seemed like smoke was coming from my Mother’s ears. However, the Lincoln leather seat soon became uncomfortably hot on my bare back, so I took to sitting on the thick-wool rugged spacious floor. Father kept a very clean car. The long drive encouraged me to change positions frequently. Positioning my feet on the back of Father’s seat was not such a good idea, because at a traffic light stop, his huge bear paw of a hand reached over and behind and caught me on my right calf, which encouraged me to find other positions. That was when I understood what was going to be the mood of this family outing.
We arrived at two o’clock: two hours late. However, there was no one there. Father praised the solitude of the lakeside forest; Mother was silent -- still-more smoke from ears, still makes no sound, but makes for a more profound stillness. We ate our picnic, in Silence.
We had too-much food. Mother was not particularly hungry. Father had a seemingly larger than his large-normal appetite. I was a tall, but skinny, kid; I never ate much; and Father kept urging me to eat more. However, after the over-eating, there was still too-much food.
A couple of other picnicking families arrived, around the lake. Father gathered up the excess food, and he and I carried it off on a give-away mission. The first family was Polish; Father spoke with them for a long time in their language; they had plenty of food and did not want any more; they gave us some great homemade pickles; Mother was not pleased that we returned with more food. The second family was Jewish, and kosher; so, it was not opportune to offer our pork-laden gifts; but Father had a long talk with them in Yiddish and Russian, and they gave us some nice sweet bread. Mother was more displeased with the more food. Father and I set-off on a walk around the lake, where we ‘lost’ our gift-food. For the resident squirrels and other creatures, it must have been a day of bonanza.
I mentioned swimming. Mother said that I could not swim alone. Father said he would swim with me. Then he remembered that he had forgotten his swimming trunks. My parents had a short discussion.
“It’s okay. I will swim in my underwear.”
“No; you will not.”
It was time to leave. We packed our residue picnic paraphernalia into the trunk of the Lincoln.
Three busses of Lithuanians arrived, from our church. Evidently, the picnic was to be at 3:30 pm.
Everyone was very cordial, but there were the inevitable questions, totally understandable, directed to my mother.
“Why did you not wait to eat with us ?”
“Why did you not bring food to share with others ?”
“You did not cook ?”
In very-good Lithuanian, Mother responded to the Lithuanian-language questions, saying, “I do not speak Lithuanian-language”.
Unfortunately, the bus ride had been long, and this early-summer day was very hot. The Lithuanian taste for milk-products was not suitable to this especially hot summer day. Personally, I do not like beets, especially in soup, more-especially with cream. Mother continued her day’s fasting; I did not want to eat more; even Father had over-eaten.
And it came to pass, that the three busloads of Lithuanians became ill; violently ill -- with some sort of great stomach distress. Father drove to find a telephone to call a hospital. Three ambulances arrived. The one doctor examined people.
One of the ambulance drivers was German, and was somewhat naturally attracted to the ‘borscht’ soup -- with the cream, on the sunny picnic-buffet. His workday ended, and his ambulance was soon to become abandoned. It was strange to see the doctor driving one of the three buses -- all to the hospital.
We drove home in the Lincoln. Mother said nothing. Actually, she said nothing for about a week, which was the same amount of time that Father slept in the guest room. Maybe it would not have been so bad if on our way home Father had not said, “As I told you, everything will be okay; we will see.”
I had a great time at the picnic; well, at least before everyone else ate, and before I experienced ‘sympathetic vomiting’. There were lots of other kids to play with; and there was good swimming. I met a cute Lithuanian girl, although she was two years older. I told all of the kids the story of how we came to our Lithuanian picnic; they all laughed. She told me, “You tell good stories.” I became more interested in going to Sunday mass. Five years later, she was my date at my Freshman Prom.
“Everything will be okay; we will see.”
The foregoing article is ‘fiction’, an excerpt from “T.F.”. Then again, maybe it is a ‘fiction’ to say that it was ‘fiction’; you can never know with ‘fiction’ . . .
All Rights Reserved: 2006
Note: A version of the foregoing story was published in the October--November 2006 issue of the Canadian subscriber's journal, 'Dialogue' magazine (www.dialogue.ca)
Two “Lithuanian” mayors known for their stunts
By Jeremy Druker - August 4th, 2011
Vilnius Mayour Artura Zuokas crushing illegally parked cars with a ‘tank’.
It’s not so often a video from Lithuania goes viral or even semi-viral, so I can’t avoid calling more attention to a recent stunt pulled by the mayor of Lithuania to convince people not to park in bike lanes. The video has since been picked up by many media, including the Guardian, but I saw it first, of all places, on an environmental website in the U.S. called Grist. It’s now been viewed by almost 1.4 million people.
The episode got me thinking about another mayor of Lithuanian origin known for his stunts, but this time on the other side of the world. Somehow, I only recently heard about Aurelijus Rutenis Antanas Mockus Šivickas — a Colombian mathematician, philosopher, and politician — who is the son of Lithuanian immigrants.
Antanas Mockus, former Mayor of Bogota, Colombia.
Antanas Mockus, as he’s better known, is a real character, who actually mooned students when he was president of the National University of Columbia. While he eventually had to step down over the scandal, the publicity helped him in his subsequent mayoral campaign. He ended up serving two terms as Bogota’s mayor, leading a transformation of the city...
Read more at:
http://eastofcenter.tol.org/2011/08/two-lithuanian-mayors-known-for-their-stunts/
I join the very large group of people, who admire your work and efforts to "spread the gospel" about wonderful Lithuania and your serious endeavours to induce Lithuanian decision makers to improve on the not-so-wonderful aspects of Lithuanian political and economic life.
Peter Modeen, Costa del Sol, Spain
The Lithuanian state finance regulator has attacked Norwegian bank DnB NOR for “unprofessional behaviour” after it allegedly sold structured savings products to amateur investors who went on to lose NOK 200 million (over USD 37 million).
640 Lithuanian investors were sold the structured savings products worth around NOK 1.55 billion (nearly USD 288 million) in the months before the financial crisis hit through DnB NORD, originally a joint operation between DnB NOR and a German Bank that trades in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. The Lithuanian authorities have criticized the bank for selling such products via inexperienced investors that were not sufficiently informed of the risk.
Norwegian Broadcasting (NRK) reports that the Lithuanian regulator has written a report that states, “we will not tolerate such unprofessional behaviour.” It goes on to say that “one scrupulous actor” can affect confidence in the whole financial markets system. The Lithuanian authorities now expect DnB NORD to compensate those who have lost out from the deals.
DnB NOR took full control of the bank in January. The company’s information director, Thomas Midteide, told news agency NTB that it did not agree with the regulator’s conclusions but was pleased to see that no measures were taken against the bank. “This is an old issue, and we did not own the bank at the time these sales happened,” Midteide commented, adding that “the products have not been sold in the last few years.”
Newsletter 3 August:
Two Norwegian companies to invest over LTL 70 million in Lithuania
The Ministry of Economy has signed letters of intent with Norwegian companies Mirror Accounting AS and Storebrand Group planning to implement LTL 70.5 million worth of development projects in Vilnius and create at least 270 jobs.
News
August 01, 2011
HITACHI shows interest in investment environment in Lithuania Press releases
During a working visit to Lithuania, representatives of Hitachi Corporation, a strategic investor in the new Visaginas nuclear power plant (NPP), also visited the public agency Invest Lithuania. During the meeting, Akira Shimizu, the Managing Director of Hitachi Europe Ltd., gave a detailed presentation of the activities and next development plans of the company as well as inquired about the investment environment in Lithuania.
Events
September 08, 2011
The China International Fair for Investment and Trade (CIFIT) is China's premier investment event and a globally leading platform for investment stakeholders worldwide to showcase investment climates and a never-ending matchmaking scene for projects and capital.
September 20, 2011
INVEST LITHUANIA at Finance Transformation Summit
Invest Lithuania will be expecting to meet representatives of expanding businesses at the Finance Transformation Summit, which will be held in Dallas, the US, on 20-22 September.
September 25, 2011
Shared Services Exchange conference in Germany
INVEST LITHUANIA is preparing for the Shared Services Exchange event to take place in Germany and gather strategic decision makers to take a step back from their current operations, see what strategies and solutions others are adopting, develop new business partnerships and make investment choices that deliver innovative solutions to their shared services organisation and the wider business.
September 26, 2011
First U.S. Certified Trade Mission to Lithuania
The American Chamber of Commerce in Lithuania is proud to announce the first U.S. certified Trade Mission to Lithuania at the end of September, 2011. This kind of mission has a record of success for almost 13 years in other countries, bringing together the power of business interest and governments' support, promoting real business opportunities worldwide and putting companies on the fast track of growth.
September 27, 2011
Lithuania will be presented for British businesses in September
INVEST LITHUANIA in partnership with Cormack Consultancy Baltic Limited (CCB), and in cooperation with the Lithuanian embassy in London, will host a series of 3 seminars in 3 cities in the United Kingdom for the promotion of Lithuania as an inward investment location relating to R&D, Shared Services and BPO, as well as Manufacturing.
September 28, 2011
INVEST LITHUANIA to participate at 8th Annual Shared Services and BPO conference
In 2009 Annual Shared Services and BPO conference took place in Prague, the Czech Rep., and gathered an audience of 450 participants, last year 500 shared services representatives from around the globe came to the conference in Dublin, Ireland, and this year the event hosted in Palau de Congressos de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, expects to have 600 participants.
October 25, 2011
Event series for British businesses by INVEST LITHUANIA in October
INVEST LITHUANIA in partnership with Cormack Consultancy Baltic Limited (CCB), and in cooperation with the Lithuanian embassy in London, will host a series of 3 seminars in 3 cities in the United Kingdom for the promotion of Lithuania as an inward investment location relating to R&D, Energy and Manufacturing.
Dr. Romas J. Misiunas
I was extremely gratified to see your recent issue on South Africa. Most of the Litvaks whom you identify specifically had been quite helpful to me in re-establishing ties with the land of their forebears. I am honoured to have had the opportunity to meet almost all of them. Some have become good friends. And I fully hope that the renewal ties with the country of their origins will prove quite beneficial to many in this rapidly intermingling world.
When I initially learned about such a situation of largely forgotten ”roots,” not long after taking up residence in Tel Aviv, I realized the extent to which these ties spanned a century and more. The efforts to increase awareness of them in Lithuania itself remain an ongoing process and forms another story in itself. Thank you for your contribution.
I much admire your efforts to promote knowledge about this country, especially in the far flung corners of the world.
Dr. Romas J. Misiunas
Ambassador of Lithuania
(former Ambassador of Lithuania to Israel and South Africa)
Vilnius
Rimgaudas P. Vidziunas: I have been living in Arizona for over 31 years
Again exceptionally well written. It is time to bring all Lithuanians together.
I have been living in Arizona for over 31 yrs. I was born in a displaced persons camp in Germany after World War II and came to the USA two years later. Have been all over the USA and visited Lithuania in 1999 and 2002. My passions are photography and writing poetry.
I am currently involved with Lithuanians throughout the world via Facebook and the internet.
Please let me know if I may be of any assistance in your "footprints journey".
Rimgaudas P. Vidziunas
Mesa, Arizona, USA
Kim Feinberg
This is just so fascinating ! I have a love for India and the contrasts that I experienced there. It is a land like no other and one that no one can prepare you for when you land there.
The smells, taste and feel is and only belongs to India – a place I deeply respect. Whose people have an essence and a space in time that the West cannot imagine.
Thank you so much for sharing this. As a person with Lithuanian roots it makes me proud to have some kind of connection to the greater humanity called India.
Best
Kim Feinberg
Johannesburg, South Africa
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